Medical Marijuana Essay - 1174 Words

Medical Marijuana Marijuana (cannabis) is a mixture of leaves, stems, and flowering tops of the Indian hemp plant Cannabis sativa. [4] Marijuana is thought by many to be harmful, but it has been proven in fact to be helpful for some people with certain illnesses. [4] When I first started looking into medical marijuana as my research subject, I was curious to see what people my age actually thought about marijuana. I asked twenty of my peers, ranging in age from seventeen to twenty-two, What is the first thing that comes to mind when I say marijuana? The responses shocked me: six of them said getting high, four of them said damaging drug, and ten of them, fifty percent, said medical uses. The response that overwhelmed†¦show more content†¦In fact, there is not one substance in this entire Physicians Desk Reference that is completely harmless, [9] said Chuck Thomas at the Testimony Before the Institute of Medicinal Marijuana Hearing in New Orleans. #8230;while prescription drugs, defi ned as safe by the FDA, kill up to 27,000 and aspirin up to 1,000 Americans per year, cannabis kills 0 per year, [2] according to the Bureau of Mortality Statistics. Nearly all medicines have toxic, potentially lethal effects, but marijuana is not such a substance#8230;Marijuana in its natural form, is one of the safest active substances known to man. By any measure of rational analysis marijuana can be safely used within a supervised routine of medical core, [3] the Guardian Newspaper printed in 1993 on the issue. Compared with legal drugs#8230;..marijuana does not pose greater risks, [8] according to the Pharmacological Reviews: Health Aspects of Cannabis. THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, has been produced in a pill form. Marinol#61650; is one of the pills: The poor availability of Marinol#61650; in aqueous solutions and its high first-pass metabolism in the live account for its poor bioavailability; only 10-20% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation. The on set of action is slow; peak plasma concentration areShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1558 Words   |  7 Pages Alaskan Thunderbolt Whether pro, con, user or bystander. The issue of the nationwide legalization of medical marijuana is one that infringes both in political and social standards. Be it that marijuana is subsequently abused, and utilized as an illegal drug. It is regarded highly, as a controversial issue which affects the amenity of conservative, modern America. Because of which one should further seek to understand. Things like its history, correlation with crime, effects on economy, effectsRead MoreMedical Marijuana1767 Words   |  8 Pages Marijuana is a very prominent and controversial issue in society today. Although many slanderous claims have been made about cannabis in recent history, the truths are slowly starting to resurface. Unfortunately, these truths are under heavy criticism due to the stereotypical view of what people view as the typical â€Å"pot smoker.† This skewed perception of a lazy and unmotivated American is the result of over seventy years of propaganda and misinformation spread by private interests who relied onRead MoreMedical Benefits Of Medical Marijuana1161 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding the issue of whether medical marijuana ought to be legally sanctioned as a medicinal treatment. Medical marijuana involves the use of cannabis and its constituent’s cannabinoids in order to treat a disease or its symptoms (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2015). Numerous studies led declare the drug a miracle treatment for a variety of medical issues. These studies, however, are limited and effectively challenged by different studies that exhibit the health risks marijuana can have on the humanRead MoreMedical Marijuana And Medical Therapy2626 Words   |  11 PagesMedical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis as medical therapy in the palliative sense to treat diseases or alleviate symptoms. This treatment modality has proven to be a highly debatable issue within the medical field due to the use of this substance as an illicit drug. â€Å"The National Youth Risk Behavior Survey monitors priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of death, disability, and social problems among youth and adults in the United States† (Center for DiseaseRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay1059 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana One of the most controversial issues in the United States is over medical marijuana. Many experiments test the validity of the drug as a medicine, and results of these experiments receive much praise but also some critique. The DEA and the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) are battling over the issue. The underlying matter that cannot be ignored is that marijuana proves to be a useful medication for many patients, especially those with wastingRead MoreThe Ban Of Medical Marijuana1090 Words   |  5 Pagesepilepsy and used medical marijuana to save her life. Her parents had tried almost every medication to try and save her by the time she was two-years-old. Some nights she would get fifty seizures each night. Finally, her parents were able to get her a medical marijuana card in Colorado, and the new medication immediately stopped the seizures (Gummow, 8 Miraculous, para. 4, alternet.org). This is just one example of how unjust the ban of medicinal marijuana is. The ban of medical marijuana is unjust becauseRead MoreMedical Marijuana Essay969 Words   |  4 Pages[Medicinal Marijuana] [Heather Bryant] Communication and compostition (COM156) University of Phoenix, Axia College [October 20, 2012] Medicinal Marijuana use in the United States Although many individuals find medical marijuana illegal, and unnecessary, it is a natural herb used to help symptoms caused by chronic illnesses. Over three million Americans use medical marijuana. Medical marijuana is the most widely used drug used to treat chronic illnesses in seventeenRead MoreMarijuana as Medical Treatment917 Words   |  4 Pages Marijuana as medical treatment Should marijuana become legal in our country as a prescription and clinical drug for medicinal treatment? Imagine somebody that you love lying in bed at a hospital and having just undergone chemotherapy for their cancer treatment; Side effects of chemotherapy like constantly vomiting, fatigue and pain are difficult to tolerate every day. Doctor can prescribe medication, but any of it has absolutely no effectRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medical Marijuana1314 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is the most frequently abused illegal substance worldwide. Not only is there no legitimate medical use, it has been tied to physical, mental, and emotional damages. â€Å"Marijuana refers to the dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant Cannabis sativa, which contains the psychoactive (mind-altering) chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as other related compounds† (National Institute on Drug Abuse). There are many supporters of the legalization of medical marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Allowed For Medical Marijuana?1483 Words   |  6 Pageswork. Finally, you decide to resort to the medical marijuana and notice the results are astounding. Your child’s behavior changes from quiet and unmotivated to talkative and energetic! Dravet Syndrome is just one of many conditions that medicinal cannabis has proven to help. Many medical conditions qualify for medical marijuana use making it a more reliable and affordable alternative from over-the-counter drugs. However, since the early 1900’s marijuana has been p ushed to the side when it comes to

Dbq on Western Front - 791 Words

DBQ: Settlement of the Western Frontier During the years between 1840 and 1890, the land west of the Mississippi River experienced a wild and sporadic growth. The natural environment contributed greatly to this growth spurt and helped shape the development of the trans-Mississippi west. The natural environment dictated and facilitated the development of the west by way of determining who settled where, how the people survived, why people wanted to settle, and whether they were successful or not. Many Americans packed few belongings and headed west during the middle to the late nineteenth century. It was during this time period that the idea of manifest destiny became rooted in American customs and ideals. Manifest Destiny is the†¦show more content†¦Women were able to won land as seen in Document F. Women also moved out of the domestic sphere and helped with the hard labor, necessary to make a farm run correctly. The success of the emigrants largely depended on the cooperation of the climate and the how well the land was cultivated during those first crucial years. Success for the emigrants on the mining frontier largely depended on the abundance of the lands natural resource, like gold. The land basically determined if the settlers were at all successful in their quest to settle the land. The land west of the Mississippi provided benefits for few people and imposed hardships to many. The land provided the people with rich natural resources and was the reason a majority of the people went west. Climatic changes and unexpected hardships made the voyage west and settlement in the west hard for many. The success of the settlements largely depended on the abundance of the natural resources and the changes in climate. The natural environment overall fueled the development of theShow MoreRelated DBQ on Western Front Essay793 Words   |  4 Pages DBQ: Settlement of the Western Frontier nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During the years between 1840 and 1890, the land west of the Mississippi River experienced a wild and sporadic growth. The natural environment contributed greatly to this growth spurt and helped shape the development of the trans-Mississippi west. The natural environment dictated and facilitated the development of the west by way of determining who settled where, how the people survived, why people wanted to settle, and whetherRead MoreAp Exam Essays1660 Words   |  7 Pages1660s? 2. Analyze the political, diplomatic, and military reasons for the United States victory in the Revolutionary War. Confine your answer to the period 1775–1783. 3. Analyze the ways in which controversy over the extension of slavery into western territories contributed to the coming of the Civil War. Confine your answer to the period 1845–1861. 4. Analyze the roles that women played in Progressive Era reforms from the 1880s through 1920. Focus your essay on TWO of the following. Read MoreDbq: Ancient Greek Contributions1467 Words   |  6 PagesDBQ: ANCIENT GREEK CONTRIBUTIONS The Ancient Greek contribution ranged by the 1900-133 BC, however its influence on the Western Literate Society lasts to this day. As the Greeks expanded their empire, they spread their ideas to other countries, while also borrowing from other cultures. During this period of time, the Greeks made many significant and long-lasting contribution to our modern culture in Philosophy, Art, Democracy, Drama, Math, and Science. These givings of important ideasRead MoreEssay on Minority Dbq818 Words   |  4 PagesWWII Minorities DBQ In the mist of the countries involvement in one of the most grueling wars in history new barriers were broken to make room for an equal America. Although true equality was not reached, these short four years would lead to the turning point in American acceptance toward diversity, both in and out of the work place. The movement of thousands of men overseas create a substantial gap in the work place, creating a never before seen chance for women, Blacks, and immigrants to floodRead MoreEssay on Tension and Suspicion Between U.S. and Russia1310 Words   |  6 PagesName Teacher AP U.S. History October 8, 2012 DBQ From the years of 1941 to 1949, there was an increase in suspicion and tension between the United States and the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was a Communist country ruled by a dictator while America was a capitalist democracy that valued freedom. Their completely different beliefs and aims caused friction to form between them, which contributed to the creation of the Cold War. At the start of the first world war, Germany and the Soviet UnionRead MoreWwi : An International Conflict Between The Central Powers And The Allies1927 Words   |  8 PagesWWI DBQ Essay WWI was an international conflict between the Central Powers and the Allies that lasted four years.The Central Powers consisted of the Ottoman Empire, Germany, and Austria-Hungary and the Allies consisted of Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States. WWI was a traumatic event for soldiers involved, transformed societies, and the world. For something to be transformative, there must be a change from its original state. This relates to All Quiet on the Western Front (AQWF)

Witness Statements and their Unreliability-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Witness Statements and their Unreliability. Answer: The major argument contained in this paper is that psychologists have a point when they denote that eye witness statements are not always reliable. Eye witness testimony plays an important role in the criminal justice process. This is because the conviction of a suspect will depend on the reliability and the accuracy of an eye witness, when he provides his testimony to the court of law (Vrij, Hope Fisher, 2014). However, there is a problem regarding eye witness testimonies. The problem lies on whether their statement of facts is accurate and credible. A large number of wrongful convictions have relied on the testimony of eye witnesses, some of which have been proved to be false. Some of the reasons that an eye witness testimony cannot be reliable is if the memory of the witness is low, poor vision and old age. Note that, some people who are over 70 years of age normally have poor memory and vision, and this affects their capability to provide reliable and accurate statements of facts. It is based on these factors that psychologists have come up with the assertion that eye witness testimonies are not always reliable, and extensive reliance on them can lead to a mistrial. A number of studies have been carried out on this concept of human memory, and the capability of an individual to provide an accurate testimony in a court of law (Vrij, Hope Fisher, 2014). One of the psychologists who has carried out extensive research on the human memory, and its propensity to recognize erroneous occurrences and details is a researcher by the name of Elizabeth Loftus. Most of her experiments focused on the capability of third parties to introduce false facts and events in the memory of a witness (Laney Loftus, 2016). These experiments were carried out in the 1970s, and the results were startling and surprising. For instance, in one of the experiments, Elizabeth Loftus showed a stop or a yield sign to the subjects of the study. This is when they were driving a car. When a question was asked on the yield sign that the participants saw, the examiners falsely introduced a stop sign. From this study, the conclusion was that people can produce an answer based on the false images that are depicted to them. Loftus also carried out an experiment of a car accident (Nahari, Vrij Fisher, 2016). Two terms were introduced when asking the participants questions on how fast the cars were travelling before causing an accident. The first term was hit and the second term was smashed. The population, who were questioned by the use of the term smashed, provided an answer of seeing a broken glass (Laney Loftus, 2016). This answer was inaccurate. Basing on these experiments, it is possible to denote that a third party can interfere with the memory of a witness, through the introduction of false cues. This will definitely make the testimony to be inaccurate and false. Submission of false testimonies to a court of law would definitely lead to an injustice, if the judge relies on such a testimony to convict the suspect. Moreover, eye witnesses do not have to rely on third parties for purposes of distorting their memories. They can distort their own memories, without the help of police officers or any third parties (Vrij, Hope Fisher, 2014). This is basically because they have some element of bias towards certain conditions or events. Note that, people normally retell certain events with a purpose on mind (Nahari, Vrij Fisher, 2016). On this note, any act of storytelling is always aimed at a specific listener. Because of this fact, the eye witness always engages in the process of editing the information he wants to provide, so that it may fit the context in which he is narrating the story (Laney Loftus, 2016). For instance, if a witness has a perception of a particular perpetrator in a negative manner, and identifies him as such, he might be unable to provide an accurate testimony, based on his reconstruction of memory that emanates out of the bias that he has towards the perpetrator. Thus, becaus e of the capability of bias to affect the eye witness testimony, chances are high that the information provided might be incorrect. In a study carried out by psychologists from the University of Virginia on the reliability of eye witness testimonies: they found out that extensive reliance on eye witness testimonies can result to a mistrial. On a specific note, if the court is relying on a person who is over 60 years of age. In this study, the population of study was aged people between 60 to 80 years, and college going students (Nahari, Vrij Fisher, 2016). From the results of this study, psychologists found out that the aged people were poor eye witnesses compared to the college going students. This result is not surprising, given the fact that the aged people normally have poor eye sights and vision, and this may result to their inability to accurately witness the criminal activity that occurred and to provide a correct identity of the person who committed the act. Psychologists criticize the reliance of visions for purposes of providing a testimony in the courts of law. For instance, tests suggest that a person with very good eyesight may not have the capability of accurately witnessing an event that occurs 10 feet away from him (Vrij, Hope Fisher, 2014). This is because he may not accurately see the eye lashes of the suspect or maintain an eye contact, and this is crucial in the identification of a suspect. Moreover, research indicates that at 200 feet, the eyes of a suspect may become blurred, irrespective of whether they have a good eye sight or not. It is far much worse when the suspect is at 500 feet, and this is basically because they will not have the capability of distinguishing the facial features of the suspect, limiting their capability to accurately identify them. Despite these weaknesses of eye witness testimonies, Burrows Powell (2014) explains that majority of murder charges are always determined by the testimony of witnesses who were more than 450 feet away from the scene of crime. Another finding from this study by professionals from the University of Virginia that is of interest to psychologists relates to how the aged people behave when giving testimonies in the courts of law (Weisweiler, 2014). This behavior touches on the confidence and adamance of the aged people during the process of giving testimony. This confidence normally makes the judges to be convinced on the credibility and reliability of the statements provided by the aged people, and may ultimately result to a mistrial or a wrong conviction. To avoid such a scenario from happening, it is important for the court to always ensure that there are other ways and methods that can be used to examine the credibility of the eye witness, and the facts that he is providing. This is one of the major reasons that make lawyers to seek and analyze the history of the witness for purposes of ascertaining whether they are people whom the courts can rely upon to give an accurate and correct statement. Some of the facts that lawyers normally seek to find out, about a witness is their criminal history and whether they have issues pertaining to dishonesty of problems with the law (Fisher, Vrij Leins, 2013). Chances are high that the courts may not believe an inconsistent testimony that is provided by a person with a suspicious or criminal past. However, if the testimony is accompanied by a scientific proof, chances are high that the courts will take the testimony serious, and use it to determine the fate of the suspect who is under trial. Another factor that makes eye witness testimonies to be unreliable deals with the issue of stress. Note that, when a person suffers from stress, his mind is under pressure and is prone to errors (Volbert Steller, 2014). Research indicates that stress has the capability of affecting the account of an eye witness. Furthermore, when the eye witness suffers from stress, he may be unable to accurately pick a suspect from a police lineup. Note that, it is unethical for police officers to induce the identification of a suspect. However, when the process is not handled professionally, and the eye witness is suffering from stress or depression, chances are high that the police will help top induce the identification of the suspect, which may result to a wrong identification. Yuan et al (2016) denotes that a photographic lineup can be done through the use of a number of ways. An exampling is by excluding a suspect from the mug shot, and providing the photos to the witness to try and identify if the suspect is there. Yuan et al (2016) calls this type of identification as simultaneous lineup. This process has a number of disadvantages. For instance, Vrij (2015) denotes that one of the disadvantages is that chances of errors are high in this process if the suspect is suffering from stress. This is further compounded by the fact that the eye witness may choose a look alike picture, if the image of the suspect is not found amongst the picture set that is provided by the police. In the view of Howe Knott (2015), photographic lineup policies have been developed for purposes of minimizing the risks of choosing a wrong suspect in the lineup. This is because of the requirement that a police officer should notify a witness that a suspect may not be in the photos provided to him. Police officers can also allow an eye witness to view photos one at a time. This type of suspect identification has the capability of being accurate, since it produces less false identification. Richter (2015) denotes that the development of such policies is an indication that the eye witness account may be unreliable; thus, the need of supporting them with other types of evidence, such as scientific evidence. Note that, people who are used in the police lineups together with suspects are called fillers (Steblay, Wells Douglass, 2014). The use of these people who do not resemble a suspect can easily make an eye witness to identify them, because the suspects stand out. Moreover, psychologists explain that when a person is of the same race, it is easier for the eye witness to identify them. This is as opposed to when the suspect comes from a different race to that of the eye witness. Another important factor that may affect the capability of a suspect to provide an accurate account of the crime or to accurately identify the victim is whether there was the presence of a weapon. The reasons why this may affect the eye witness account is because focus is always on the weapon, as opposed to the identity of the suspect (Hahn, Oaksford Harris, 2013). Moreover, leading questions that are asked by police officers may affect the testimony of a witness, and this is the reason that makes most judges to prevent the police or an attorney from asking certain questions. Finally, eye witness testimonies have a number of weaknesses; thus, the courts of law should not rely on them entirely, while coming up with a decision about the fate of a suspect. One of the weaknesses is the fact that a person may have poor vision, and this may limit his capability to provide an accurate account of what happened. Moreover, factors such as stress, depression, presence of a weapon and poor suspect identification procedures may affect the capability of a witness to provide an accurate account of what actually happened in the scene of a crime. It is based on these factors that psychologists are right, when they assert that reliance on witnesses may lead to a mistrial. References Burrows, K. S., Powell, M. (2014). Prosecutors' recommendations for improving child witness statements about sexual abuse.Policing and Society,24(2), 189-207. Fisher, R. P., Vrij, A., Leins, D. A. (2013). Does testimonial inconsistency indicate memory inaccuracy and deception? Beliefs, empirical research, and theory. InApplied issues in investigative interviewing, eyewitness memory, and credibility assessment(pp. 173-189). Springer New York. Hahn, U., Oaksford, M., Harris, A. J. (2013). Testimony and argument: A Bayesian perspective. InBayesian argumentation(pp. 15-38). Springer Netherlands. Howe, M. L., Knott, L. M. (2015). The fallibility of memory in judicial processes: Lessons from the past and their modern consequences.Memory,23(5), 633-656. Laney, C., Loftus, E. F. (2016). Eyewitness Testimony and Memory Biases.Noba textbook series: Psychology. Champaign, IL: DEF publishers. DOI: https://doi. org/nobaproject. com. Nahari, G., Vrij, A., Fisher, R. P. (2014). Exploiting liars' verbal strategies by examining the verifiability of details.Legal and Criminological Psychology,19(2), 227-239. Richter, L. L. (2015). Posnerian Hearsay: Slaying the Discretion Dragon.Fla. L. Rev.,67, 1861. Steblay, N. K., Wells, G. L., Douglass, A. B. (2014). The eyewitness post identification feedback effect 15 years later: Theoretical and policy implications. Yuan, X., Mei, Q., Zhou, S., Ma, X. (2016). Reliable and robust entanglement witness.Physical Review A,93(4), 042317. Volbert, R., Steller, M. (2014). Is This Testimony Truthful, Fabricated, or Based on False Memory?.European Psychologist. Vrij, A. (2015). Verbal Lie Detection tools: Statement validity analysis, reality monitoring and scientific content analysis.Detecting deception: Current challenges and cognitive approaches, 3-35. Vrij, A., Hope, L., Fisher, R. P. (2014). Eliciting reliable information in investigative interviews.Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences,1(1), 129-136. Weisweiler, J. (2014). Unreliable Witness: Failings of the Narrative in Ammianus Marcellinus.Literature and Society in the Fourth Century AD: Performing Paidea, Constructing the Present, Presenting the Self (Leiden: Brill), 103-133.

Child Life Specialist free essay sample

Specialist matches my personality because I like working with little kids and I like working with problems that others have I have always been the one that all my friends can come to because I like being a problem solver. This job you have to be able to manage emotional stress in working with children who have life threatening diseases. Since this profession does not require to be sitting down in an office working on a computer and recording things which is not what I want to do, this career requires to be interacting with people, parent and little kids. My personality is I am very social and you have to have excellent written and verbal communication I like to support people and be around them I know that it may not be the best situations and circumstance’s but I would like to go home at the end of the day knowing that I helped out little children and their families. We will write a custom essay sample on Child Life Specialist or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I like being there for people and making them feel better. My interests in this career and profession are that I want to be able to help kids out and their families and making their lives a little better. These days there are so many kids going through so many things but you can’t change that fact but I would like to change some kid’s lives or making them a little bit easier and making them feel better, that is what attracts me to this career changing lives basically just making change. One of my other interests are meeting new people and learning about other people and how their lives have been, and learning about other people. Also child life specialists help children express their feelings and fears and prepare them for tough health care experiences, and I am very big on expressing feelings and being open with yourself, and I would love to be helping little kids out. With this and being open with their feeling and knowing to express themselves. The skills that this job requires are nothing big or nothing major. You have to enjoy working with children and parents and can manage emotional stress and who is able to explain complex medical procedure and information to all ages. The skills do require you to have skills but I don’t think that it’s nothing big just having to working with a variety of health care professionals and other support people. For this job you would have to have a lot of patience with children and families and knowing also how to talk to them. Child life specialists normally work in in hospital settings, also they use play therapy and art to help infants, children and teenagers feel less worries about medical procedures. These are all skills that are required for becoming a child life specialist. Becoming a Child life specialist and majoring in this profession has its advantages and disadvantages to it. Disadvantages to this career are all the stress that one might have while working with children and also a lot of the people that work In this career have to have a lot of patience with kids because if in situation where a child might have to go into surgery the child might act bad towards certain news like that and might start having tantrums and you would have to calm them down and making an effort to work with them, but it’s not all about the kids but also the parents for example again in the same situation a child is going into surgery and one of the parents does not agree with that happening and they would start trying to argue with you or the nurses and being as a child life specialist it is their responsibility to work with the child’s parents and getting them to an agreement and to calm down. Some advantages to this career can be working with children and making their lives a little better by either making them feel better or getting them to understand the situation that there in and making them feel better about it. Classes that are required to become a child life specialist, to have taken is that you can major in human development, family studies, but when majored in one of theses with a minimum of bachelor’s degree or a master’s degree with an education on human growth and development, education psychology or a related field of study. Also you have to have solid skills in growth and development, family dynamics and basic medical terminology. And superior communication skills are also needed. After completing these courses all certified child life specialist must complete a supervised 480 hour clinical internship pass a national examination, and adhere to a minimum standard for continued professional development in order to maintain their certification. The college that best meets my needs is California State University Sacramento this school meets my needs because it is close to home and can major in what I want to study for because it is offered at this school. Also this school may have a few big classes and some small classes and in my opinion I can deal with small and big classes in my opinion but I don’t actually know it until I experience it. This school is somewhat big since my sister went there she said it was about a medium sized. Sac State can be expensive but I think it’s worth all the money and well compared to other schools I think its decent, and well also I’m going to apply for financial aid so that will be helping be and I plan on living with my parents for a while after high school so I’m sure I will be fine. California State University Sacramento, what this college is like is it has 300 acres with 3,000 trees it is home to a beautiful area as an option of housing that Sac State has is it also has dorms as an option of living there and also housing around like apartments and other housing there not provided by the school but it is an option if home is far away. Sac State has a lot of sports to choose from for example football, women’s volleyball women’s soccer tennis and women’s gymnastics and many more there are many sports to choose from a lot of things to get involved in. Since I know I don’t think I would be able to afford all for years going to Sac State I plan on going to Consommes River College and then transferring over into Sac State the Requirements to be transferred in are All admission requirements must be completed by the end of Summer of the year I want to transfer, completed 60 transferable semester or 90 quarter units, completed with a C- or higher the following: * A1. oral communication, * A2. written communication, * A3. critical thinking, and * B4. math (above intermediate algebra) Completed 30 units in CSU General Education requirements or IGETC, have at least a 2. 0 grade point average, and good standing at last college or university attended. I am really excited about this career because this is what I want I never wanted a job that I would hate but this job I am really looking forward to and getting started I feel so prepared and like I can do this but I am scared in a way because I’m scared of what comes after high school and of growing up but I know I need to push myself and achieve what I know I can do. This career is what I was looking for helping kids and changing lives. Me being the person that I am, I am very social and like working with people.

Management at Marvic

Critiquing the diary of Jules Renard essays

Critiquing the diary of Jules Renard essays Jules Renard seems to have had a pretty full life. He grew up with a distant father, "His father stopped talking to his wife after Jules was born...remained largly indifferent to his son..." His mother appears to bit quite an eccentric, "a bigot...a compulsive talker and fibber." But it seems later in life, he was happy. This section seems to be written near his wedding day; "If I were a bird, I would sleep only in the clouds." It seems to me, Jules is expressing a feeling of great happiness. But then it almost seems that he slips out of that excitment. Jules had a great anger against "hypocrocy and sham". "We no longer know what love is. The thing itself is lost, drowned in a verbal deluge." It would appear to me that he is trying to say how sometimes people pervert situations. He felt that love had become just another unimportant expression, easy come, easy go. It is taken for granted. " A boy from an orphan asylum....receives 120 francs for fifteen months. I am thoughtless enough to say it is not much...he says with pride: '...you get your washing done, and a pair of shoes.' " This young man didn't take anything for granted. What others saw as not enough, he saw as more than enough. I think Jules was trying to convey his gratitude for what he had. Hw was elected Mayor of his home town in 1904 and had become a successful author. Through all of this, he never seemed to lose his appreciation of it all, of even being alive. "...all my forced parodixes, my hatred of the conventional, my contempt for the commonplace, do not prevent me from turning soft on the first day of spring..." This is my favorite, "I cannot look at the leaf of a tree without being crushed by the universe." That line seems to say that regardless of whether it's a leaf, or the entire universe, they are both of greatness. They are both significant. It is obvious that Jules was an extremely greatful man for all he had been blessed with, and tried to appeal to others...

America's war on Terror Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

America's war on Terror - Essay Example Speaking of the values that referred to by the proponents of America’s war on terror, it is extremely important to mention the following one. To begin with, terrorists are often thought to be enemies of the civilized world since they heavily rely on aggression and violence – something that is banned in a developed social environment. In addition to that, the war on terror allows other countries to redefine their position in many different aspects of foreign politics which ultimately leads towards creation of global community which is extremely beneficial to human beings. Nevertheless, there are numerous people who argue that war on terror is a rather negative phenomenon that should be put to an end. They provide the following arguments. First of all, war on terrorist involves killing people: whether they are armed terrorists or unarmed civilians who die as retaliation from the terrorists. Secondly, the opponents of war on terror point out that the United States of America tend to promote liberty and democracy in countries that have considerable amount of oil in possession (Rubin 183). In other words, the above mentioned war is nothing but a way to conceal the desire to acquire this scarce resource. The opponents of this aspect of foreign policy of America often involve different values to support their position. For example, these people ask why the government that kills other people is better than terrorists who kill other people. Although some reservations should be made, in the long run both parties are engaged in massive killing which is something that is opposite to peaceful nature of humans. In addition to that, the economic interest behind the war on terror is obvious. Thus, terroristic acts are performed not only by the Arab Muslims, but by Africans or Europeans as well. Nevertheless, the United States of America tend to fight terrorist in one part of the world only. There is no coincidence that it also

Fundementals of communication term papaer Essay

Fundementals of communication term papaer - Essay Example My visits to Qatar however realign my communication approach. Group discussions, video-calling, online chatting, and email writing are some of the communication rituals that I engage in and their rules vary across cultural factors such as norms, values, and history. I, in this paper, explore the scope of cross-cultural communication along the rituals and rules. The communication rituals across cultures Group discussions Discussions in school and at work are some of the involved activities in cross-cultural communication and are significant to both interpersonal relations and in achieving discussions’ objectives. Discussions in school are mostly academic and aim at completing assignments and expanding individuals’ knowledge base on a subject. Culture however forms a barrier to this communication when discussions involve students from different cultures. Significant obstacles emerge between students from the western culture, especially natives in the United States, and st udents from Asian countries because these two groups have conflicting cultures regarding communication. Communication in the western culture is for example simple and direct while people from the East prefer an explorative approach to communication in which meanings are explained for sufficient understanding. Americans are also direct in their communication while some of the cultures from Asia prefer a developed interpersonal relationship before engaging in a communication’s subject matter. Other applicable barriers to cross cultural communication are culture-based ascent and respect for authority. People from the western culture offer an informal approach to communication and do not regard authority while individuals from most Asian cultures hold high regard for authority in their communication. These differences emerge to hinder discursive communications in both academic and work environments (Zhu and Zhu n.d.; Crossman and Kite, 2007). Culture is therefore the basis of com munication challenges in diversified set up and cultural awareness and cultural intelligence offer a solution. Cultural awareness defines knowledge of other people’s cultures and allows communicating parties to understand their partners in communication and be patient and tolerant, a factors that bridges developed barriers in cross cultural communication. Cultural intelligence however defines sensitivity to other cultures that allows a person to predict behavior of people from other cultures and to respond appropriately towards underscoring possible effects of cultural differences. This means that encountered cultural differences to discursive communications can be managed to ensure successful communication (Zhu and Zhu n.d.; Crossman and Kite, 2007). Video calling The obstacles in face-to-face cross-cultural communication are encountered in video calling that is another form of direct communication. This therefore means that video calling is subject to culture-based differen ces with respect to factors such as respect for authority, approach to communication, and cultural awareness and sensitivity among communicating parties are essential solutions. â€Å"Effects of local context and relations† are also significant to intercultural video calling (Lauring, 2011, p. 248). A person’s locality may suffer from technical and technological inefficiencies such as unavailability of the internet and a video camera or availability in poor quality, factors that hinder video calling (Crossman and

Human relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human relations - Essay Example A strike (or industrial action less than a full stoppage of work) will be in breach of the contract of employment for two reasons. Firstly, the striker is failing to perform the contractual obligations to work and to obey lawful instructions. Secondly, by seeking to 2 cause disruption to the employer’s business, the striker is breaching the â€Å"implied term to serve the employer faithfully within the requirements of the contract†.It is to be noted that the taking of strike action is a breach of the employee’s contract of employment, even where all the obligations imposed on the trade unions by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (consolidation) Act 1992 have been fulfilled. Not only is a strike in breach of the worker’s contract of employment, we find that the breach is far reaching as we see in Secretary of State v. Aslef ICR 19, the inevitable breach of the duty of faithful services, that virtually all other forms of industrial action will br each the contract of employment, or refusing to carryout some aspects only of contractual duties. Such as in work slow downs. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: â€Å"Any form of industrial action by a worker is a breach of contract which entitles an employer at common law to dismiss the worker. Also we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in the event of an industrial action, the employer can also refuse to pay wages. Further in NCB v. Galley WLR 16, we find in the event of industrial action the employer can sue for damages. ... (Gibson LJ) It is to be noted that the taking of strike action is a breach of the employee's contract of employment, even where all the obligations imposed on the trade unions by Part V of The Trade Union and Labor Relations (consolidation) Act 1992 have beenfulfilled. Not only is a strike in breach of the worker's contract of employment, we find that the breach is far reaching as we see in Secretary of State v. Aslef (N0.2) [1979] ICR 19, the inevitable breach of the duty of faithful services, that virtually all other forms of industrial action will breach the contract of employment, or refusing to carryout some aspects only of contractual duties. Such as in work slow downs. Further in Miles v. Wakefield MDC [1989] ICR 368 at 389, Lord Templeman states: "Any form of industrial action by a worker is a breach of contract which entitles an employer at common law to dismiss the worker. Also we find in Wiluszynski v. Tower Hamlets IBC [1989] IRLR 259, that in the event of an industrial action, the employer can also refuse to pay wages. Further in NCB v. Galley [1958] WLR 16, we find in the event of industrial action the employer can sue for damages.Under current law in the UK, recognition is a matter of fact and not a legal status. There is no legal means by which the worker or the union can compel the employer to reach an agreement, and, in particular, no right on the part of the worker or the union to compel the employer to submit to arbitration. The employer can seek emergency interlocutory relief. This procedure does not

Issues at AirAsia

Issues at AirAsia Simultaneity Once the plane of AirAsia takes off, the transportation service provided to the customers is consumed simultaneously. Since there is no food provided during the service, AirAsia has made use of this opportunity to sell food and beverages. Through the selling process, it creates interaction with customers and it allows them to percept the quality of the service. No free baggage allowance There is no free baggage allowance on AirAsia X. Unlike other airlines who decide to increase airfares that are imposed on all passengers, AirAsia X believes that by charging for checked-in baggage, it is more reasonable and it will helps to keep air fares low. AirAsia X will incur more fuel costs with every kilogram of weight added to the aircraft. Thus, guests who take on less weight will be able to save more. (http://www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp ) Fully ticketless travel AirAsia is a ticketless airline, therefore, instead of tickets; they will provide you with an itinerary which contains your booking number as well as your payment and travel details via email. This is also a means of cutting cost by not printing any tickets. Unassigned seats The seats on AirAsia are based on free seating style. There will not be any seats assigned to you unless you pay an extra fee for it. Therefore, we would see long queue at the waiting area of AirAsia as many of the passengers would want to grab the best seats for the flight. By implementing free seating plan, it helps to encourage passengers to be punctual so that the plane could take of early. Safety trip AirAsia pilots practice standard applications, technical and behavioural tests, ground school training, safety and emergency procedural training, full flight simulator. Travel with AirAsia pilots who have both mind and heart. (http://www.airasia.com/site/en/faqSearch.jsp THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT) Self Check-in Service Self Check-in is a service that allows guests to check-in from our airport kiosks, via mobile or online on our website without needing to be at the check-in counter at the airport. With this facility, it helps the customers to save their time and also need not have to queue up early for the boarding pass. This facility if convenient and it also helps to increase demand for the AirAsia seats for people who prefer fast and efficient check-in service without long queue. (THIS PART IS COPY PASTE, HAVEN EDIT) Explicit Services Attractive and sexy air-stewardesses The stewardesses of AirAsia are famous for their attractiveness. With red shirt and skirt on them, it really enhances their beauty and this makes the trip really pleasant for the customers. They are friendly and would always greet their customer with a smile. AirAsia even advertise the faces of their air stewardess on their plane. Their main duty on flight is to perform the safety precautions procedures to the passengers and also walk around the cabin to assist the passengers and also to see if they need to purchase any food. However, there were a minority who complaint that the air stewardesses are unfriendly and do not greet the customers when they see them. Thus, AirAsia still need to work on their consistency of their air stewardesses. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xivjlxNim18 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1p31o7hkW_A http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ah-p-qL8Xj0 http://www.airasia.com/site/sg/en/pressRelease.jsp?id=14f35316-c0a8c85d-eb784700-58cd40f1type=read Quality of the customer service There were numerous of feedbacks complaining that the automated system of the helpline was giving them a run around without providing a solution. Many of the customers complained that it is just impossible to get through the helpline and talk to a staff to assist them. And even if they got through; the staffs were unhelpful and were rude to them. For those who lose their baggage during their flight, AirAsia has not been very efficient in assisting the customers. Their reply was slow and the claim is even slower. Consistency According to research, AirAsia have always trying their best to maintain their on time departure record by offering unassigned seats and providing self check-in service to customer to encourage them to be punctual. Despite the effort to maintain punctual departure record, there are still a number of complaints regarding the delay and cacellation of flight. In event when flight has been cancelled, passengers were informed last minute and they complained that the staffs was not very helpful and willing in assisting them in the booking of new tickets. Thus, there is still room for improvement regarding AirAsias customer service and their on time departure record. Availability Website is available with information that the customers wish to find out. (E.g. Prices, promotions and flight info). It also allows customers to book and purchase tickets online conveniently. Call center and sales office is also available in every country where AirAsia is located in.

History Of Robotics :: Essays Papers

History Of Robotics Vision: What will robots hold for us in the future? Objective: Learn about the history of robotics Goal: Inform my readers about the history of robotics Task: Researching the history of robotics and reporting on this topic. There’s no precise definition, but by general agreement, a robot is a programmable machine that imitates the actions or appearance of an intelligent creature–usually a human. To qualify as a robot, a machine has to be able to get information from its surroundings and do something physical–such as move or manipulate objects. The word robot comes from the Czech word robota, which means drudgery or slave-like labor. the word was first used to describe fabricated workers in a fictional 1920s play by Czech author Karel Capek called Rossum’s Universal Robots. During the play, a scientist invents robots to help people by performing simple, repetitive tasks. However, once the robots are used to fight wars, they turn on their human owners and take over the world. If you think robots are mainly the thing you see in space movies, think again. Right now, all over the world, robots are on the move doing various tasks. They are painting cars at Ford plants, assembling Milano cookies for Pepperidge Farms, walking into live volcanoes, driving trains in Paris , and defusing bombs in Northern Ireland . As they grow tougher, nimbler, and smarter, today’s robots are doing more and more things humans can’t do, or in many cases, wouldn't want to do anyway. Robots have been around for less than fifty years, but the idea of metal creations that do our bidding is much older. The ancient Greek poet Homer described maidens of gold, mechanical helpers built by Hephaistos, the Greek god of metal smiths. The golems of medieval Jewish legend were robot-like servants made of clay, brought to life by a spoken charm. In 1495, Leonardo da Vinci drew plans for a mechanical man. However, real robots wouldn’t become possible until the 1950s and 1960s, with the invention of transistors and integrated circuits. Compact, reliable electronics and a growing computer industry added brains to already existing machines. In 1959, researchers demonstrated the possibility of robotic manufacturing when they unveiled a computer-controlled milling machine that made ashtrays. Public fascination with robotics peaked in the early 1980s, spurred in part by movies like Star Wars, which featured robots C3-PO and R2-D2 as helpful sidekicks to human masters.

Java: United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabian Culture Essay

International business and information technology are two important aspects of globalization. We live in a world that requires culture awareness, which is also the first step in doing international business. In the case The Java Lounge – Adjusting to Saudi Arabian Culture, the business has been successful because its entrepreneurs spent time and money to research their expectation that enough Saudis had become sufficiently westernized and affluent to frequent the restaurant. Its entrepreneurs have maintained strong culture awareness and had put them into actions. The Java Lounge had gone through culture collisions. Foreigners often find Saudi laws and customs at odds with their own value systems. For example, Saudi culture limits male-female interaction. That explains why the city of Jeddah was chosen to locate the Java Lounge – it was a port and it enjoyed more contact with foreigners and was less conservative than much of the rest of the country. The dress codes are more relaxed thus more acceptable to foreigners. If the location was chosen to be in a traditional place, it would not have been this successful. The culture collision would be so huge that it is hard for other cultures to digest and get close to. Thus when a company such as the Java Lounge implements practices, they would be less effective. Also, the employees as well as gusts would encounter difficulties in accepting or adjusting to foreign behaviors, which would cause unnecessary confusions and conflicts. Religion plays a key role in Saudi’s culture and religion is a cultural stabilizer. As the book says, many strong values are the result of a dominant religion. A good religion would make the nation united and its people strong. What is more, religion plays a part in business. In Saudi, religious proscriptions prohibit pork products, alcohol, and live music at the Lava Lounge. In the holy period of Ramadan, when people fast during the day, the restaurant serves customers only in the evening. When doing business in Saudi Arabia, one has to be careful in adjusting to the religious culture of Saudi Arabia because religion could also be a taboo sometimes. For example, when Muslim men are called to prayer, McDonald’s dims its lights, closes its doors, and suspend service during the five times per day. It is very important to respect one culture no matter how odd it looks to you. Behavioral practices are also affecting business. The term ascribed group memberships refer to the case that at the Lava Lounge, the entire staff is male. Even though laws and rules were signed to abolish discrimination against women, women in Saudi Arabia cannot work in some profession. There are rigid rules about what women can and cannot do. A research shows that Saudi women only accounts for 7 percent of the total workforce. It is still a man-dominant world, but women are so important. However, in Saudi, affiliation is determined by birth. One needs to pay attention in the gender-based employment practices in Saudi Arabia. When doing business in other countries such as in the United States, this might not be a problem. To summarize, what we could learn from the case The Java Lounge are that firstly, as an international businessman or businesswoman, one has to develop culture awareness as a starting point. Secondly, culture shock would occur frequently when doing international business. When culture collisions occur, we do not need to be afraid. Learn about the other cultures you are involving in, respect other cultures, ask a native friend for help, and embrace the shocks. Thirdly, pay attention to religions and other special cultural rules, they will help you with your business.

Free Market Economics and Organ Sales essays

Free Market Economics and Organ Sales essays During the 1800s, Edinburgh, Scotland was plagued with a unique problem of supply and demand. Scientists and doctors sought to learn about human anatomy, but few were willing to supply enough human corpses to meet medical professionals needs. In order to satisfy this problem, scientists and doctors turned to the black market-a couple of grave robbers turned murderers named Burke and Hare. Today, some see a comparable situation in the treatment of organs for transplant. Around 100,000 Americans demand organs for the sustaining of the lives, while only around 16,000 organs are provided. Although the current situation involving human organs needed for transplant and the black market has not resulted in grave desecration and murder, the problem is similar implications for the laws of supply and demand and the black market. Free market economists Charles T. Carlstron and Christy D. Rollow argue that using market incentives will help solve the shortage of these valuable organs, which are necessary for the lives of many. Although this concept may seem gruesome to many, an exploration of free market economics and an investigation into the current situation involving transplant organs availability and the black market suggests that using free market incentives will make human organs more equally available to those who need them. For years, the concept of free market economics has caused controversy among economists, politicians, and philosophers. While some suggest that the economic structure allows for self-interest without allowing for altruism, others maintain that it is the solution to most social problems. In fact, in Russell Roberts monumental economic fable, The Choice, suggests that free markets and trade, or the roundabout way to wealth are not only essential for individual countries, but also for the promotion of world human rights. The right to life is a universally recognized human right, ...

Here’s much to do with hate but more with love Essays

Here’s much to do with hate but more with love Essays Here’s much to do with hate but more with love Paper Here’s much to do with hate but more with love Paper Essay Topic: Romeo and Juliet A play based on two star crossed lovers based in Verona, Italy show their love and hate to each other, and is filled with tragedies. Shakespeare wrote Romeo and Juliet in the 16th century, when family honor was very important. Girls got married at a very young age, when fathers had a duty to find an ideal suitor for their beloved daughters. This between love and hate is also a major theme of the play. The question is Does Love over power hate, or does hate over power love, or both? Well as you read on it tells you how strong love and hate is in the play. Veronas streets are full of violence, fighting and hate. In fact, the fighting between the Montagues and the Capulets got so bad that the prince was forced to tell them If ever you disturb our streets again, your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. These contrasts with the scenes of love when Romeo and Juliet are together, such as after Capulets party when they talk. This helps to tell us how strong the love between the couple is. The two feuding families, Montague’s who the family of Romeo and Capulet’s who the family of Juliet, both show a lot of hate, even the servants fought them; if the servant would fight for their master then the two families really must have some historic hate between the families, but this shows the servants are very loyal to the family and are part of them, so this is showing love. The fight of Mercutio and Tybalt was an act of hate between the two societies. â€Å"From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, where civil blood makes civil hands unclean† These two lines are about the feud between the families, which has been going for many years. In that scene Romeo had to show his hate by killing Tybalt. Tybalt and Romeo come from two separate families who don’t like each other but yet the first words Romeo said to Tybalt were â€Å"Tybalt, the reason that I have to love thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Although he has always hated Tybalt he treats him as though he is family, because he is Juliet’s cousin, so this is showing that Romeo loves anyone that is connected to Juliet, even if it means loving someone he hates. Romeo just got married and now kills his wifes cousin this was an act of real hate. But on the other hand this shows love, because the reason he killed Tybalt was that Tybalt killed his good friend Mercutuio, so Romeo killed Tybalt for the love he had for Mercutuio. After that what did Juliet think about Romeo, the murderer of her cousin, she did not really care about it, but what she only cared about is if Romeo is going to get killed for the murder? Love over powered the hate this time. Shakespeare has constructed this hate between Romeo and Juliet which are between two families. Love is represented by the relationship between Romeo and Juliet and the hate is represented by feud between the Montagues and the Capulets. Both Love and Hate are extremely powerful in the play. Love is strong between Romeo and Juliet but hatred is still between them as they are from two different families. â€Å"My only love sprung from my only hate’ this is what Juliet said after she found out that Romeo was a Montague, this is showing that person she’s meant to hate is the person she’s in love with. Her enemy is not Romeo himself, but his name is if he leaves his name then he will no longer be her enemy. By the ending of the opening scene, the audience is introduced to Romeo, who almost represents the theme of love in the play. At this moment, Romeo is too busy obsessed over his love for Rosaline to notice the fight and says, â€Å"Alas, that love, whose view is muffled still, Should, without eyes, see pathways to his will. † But this was unrequited love. Romeo falls in and out of love very quickly, he was love sick for Rosaline at the beginning of the play but as soon as he saw Juliet he fell in love with her. â€Å"Here’s much to do with hate, but more with love. † â€Å"Why the, o brawling hate, O any thing of nothing love, o loving first create! † These lines almost sum up the play as Romeo is talking about his love that can at the same time make him happy and sad. It is both love and hate; he is connecting his feelings to the bits and pieces of the fight he can see in front of him. From this, he concludes that although their fight was partly because of the hate between the two families, it is more about the love inside each family that caused them to fight against each other. Meanwhile Lady Capulet has come to talk to Juliet with the nurse in the room, about marriage. The love between Juliet and her mother is more formal than the love between Juliet and the nurse. Juliet finds it much easier to talk to the nurse and is closer to her because she has been grown up with the nurse looking after her, they are like best friends, she is also asking for advice from the nurse. This is showing there isn’t much love between Juliet and her mother than there is with the nurse which is strong love. The character of the nurse in the play shows that the nurse is more of a mother to Juliet whereas Lady Capulet is hardly seen with Juliet in the play. However, a few days before Juliet has to marry Paris, the Nurse almost changes her role and is no longer there to support Juliet with her relationship with Romeo, but agrees with Capulet that she should marry Paris. Juliet is outraged and asks the nurse to leave. The fact that Juliet has gone from looking up to the nurse to never trusting her. In one scene it shows the nature of love and hate in the same way that Romeo felt he was in love with Rosaline, until he met Juliet. The one person Juliet felt she could always rely on is no longer there to help her and she is devastated. In Act three, scene five, Capulet tells Juliet that she is to marry Paris in a few days, however, Juliet refuses to marry him, mainly because she is already married to Romeo. After a long and angry speech, Capulet says: Thursday is near, lay hand on heart, advice. And you be mine, I’ll give you to my friend; And you be not, hang, beg, starve, die in the streets, For by my soul, I’ll ne’er acknowledge thee†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Capulet is threatening and advising Juliet as he is saying that if she marries Paris then everything will turn out well and he will still acknowledge her as his daughter. However, if she does not, then he will throw her out in the streets and he will not care what happens to her for she will no longer be thought of as his daughter. He says this partly out of love as he thinks it will make Juliet happy, but his words are harsh and painful for Juliet to hear from her father. He is angry that Juliet is disobeying him and does not know how to handle it as he is surprised. Therefore, I think this scene is about both love and hate. Romeo has a strong relationship with Friar Lawrence. He acts as a father throughout the play. Right from the beginning, this love is shown as he advises Romeo about his feelings for Juliet and tells him to â€Å"love moderately. † He is more like a father to Romeo. When Romeo kills Tybalt, he hides in Friar Laurence’s cell and the Friar tells him that he has been banished. Romeo becomes hysterical and thinks that banishment is worse than death. The Friar tries to talk some sense into Romeo but soon his sympathy turns to impatience and tells Romeo to spend the night with Juliet and leave in the morning. Also Friar is constantly taking care of not only Romeo’s problems, but Juliet’s as well, by giving her the sleeping potion. Although the Friar’s help turns out to cause more problems than solve them, his aim was good and he can be seen as a caring and loving character. This is showing strong love, because Romeo and Juliet see Friar Lawrence like a caring, loving father. Capulet and Montague make peace with each other after seeing that their children were so in love with each other that they sacrificed their lives for one another. The last line means that Romeo and Juliet’s deaths were because of the hate between the two families, but it is love that brings them together. Therefore, after analyzing the love and hate sides of Romeo and Juliet, I have come to the conclusion that it is more about love than hate. Apart from the family feud the rest of the hate is caused by Romeo and Juliet falling in love with each other, but this is fate. I think this because throughout the play, love overcomes hate except for a few scenes. Overall by the end of play, Romeo and Juliet are in love with each other so much that they kill themselves, and so the parents forget the hate that they have for each other. This is basically saying that love over powered the hate of two families.

Leading a health task force through malaria prevention program Essay

Leading a health task force through malaria prevention program - Essay Example The situation I have chosen is where a group of health professional is carrying out a malaria prevention program in the community. As the leader of the task force, I am required to exhibit leadership equation, power of vision, significance of ethics, ability to empower people, principles of leadership, human abilities and understanding, high level of effectiveness, ability to develop other people, and performance management. This paper will hence focus on the mentioned leadership components that I will exhibit in leading the task force through a malaria prevention program. Leadership equation During my reign as a leader of the task force, I will prefer a group leadership to an individual leadership. As opposed to individual leadership where one person leads the whole group, group leadership encourages the whole team to act as leaders. This approach will aid in increasing effectiveness, creativity and even reducing costs. This energizes the team and makes them feel an elevated level o f empowerment. Leading a team through a prevention program requires much time as it involves straining circumstances. It involves dealing with community at the grass root level where there is a low literacy level. It also requires ample time to empower community members to adopt the measures provided by the team members. The community will have to be taught and trained on how they can prevent malaria from making a better part of them. It will also involve distribution of treated mosquito bed nets. This will mean the community will be trained on how to use these bed nets. It will be the work of the team to ask the community to observe various causes of malaria in order to avoid infections. Above all, the community will be empowered in order to keep observing the measures of malaria prevention. After the program, there will be a monitoring and evaluation session to ensure the program is effective after which the team can pronounce success of the program. The whole of these activities requires much cooperation from the team members. Therefore as a team leader, I will have to exhibit distinct leadership traits, behavior, styles and qualities. The team is also expected to show effective characteristics of a well functioning team in order to provide the right condition of working together and providing leadership. As a leader I will provide awareness of unity to all members of the team. The members will also have the ability to develop interpersonal relationship where every member gets a chance to learn from each other and contribute to work. I will also use my leadership to enhance togetherness towards achieving our common goal. My team will exhibit characteristics of a well functioning team including: Members share a sense of purpose and reason for existence of the team and invest their time in obtaining the goals and mission of the team. Members share priorities with one another; they know what has to be done by whom and by when the goals are to be achieved. Memb ers are definite about their roles. Everyone knows what tasks to do and when to give team experts a chance to do specific task. Members understand the line of decision making and authority. Members deal with conflicts openly and consider them significant to personal growth and decision making. Members appreciate each other’s personal traits and feel their distinct personalities well utilized and appreciated. Members have set group norms that enable them work together and are observed as the group standards for

Discuss the types of relational databases and their advantages Essay

Discuss the types of relational databases and their advantages - Essay Example In this scenario, the Join function is used to unite relations, the project operation is performed to identify attributes and the select queries are performed for accessing data. However, like other database models, a relational database also supports several other functions such as insert, update and delete (Oak, 2011). In relational databases, normalization plays a very important role. In addition, the relational activities, facilitated by the relational databases work in an excellent way with normalized tables. Additionally, relational databases support dynamic views, which is an important concept of databases. Though, in a relational database, a view is not acknowledged as an element of the physical design, since it is dynamic. In addition, views can divide data, combine and shorten several unnecessary relations, which reduce the data storage requirements. Another important advantage of relational database is that it uses SQL that is a simple and human-readable language (Oak, 2011). Moreover, relational databases offer an excellent security because they support access permissions, which facilitate the database administrator to apply need-based permissions in order to get access to the data stored in database tables. Furthermore, relational databases offer high level performance, power, and facilities to latest hardware technologies as well as a capability to deal with all types of data and users requirements (Oak,

Week 4 Discussion Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week 4 Discussion - Coursework Example Clear accountability and responsibility of members of the team; all team members should have an apparent understanding of their roles in the project (Kerzner, 2013). There should also be frequent monitoring as well as measurement of milestones, time, equipment and people schedules. Correctly done schedule control as well gives the primary hint that initial planning might not be going as per the schedule. The initial step is to identify as well as engage with the main stakeholders. Have talks, an official stakeholder consultation or a problem definition seminar, but it is important to begin the hunt for extra data on the business need. Secondly, after gaining a grasp on what the business need entails, begin to translate and construe that need into a structured problem or explanation of the scope. More importantly at this phase is to write down the business need into an understandable language (Kerzner, 2013). Thirdly, after clarifying and agreeing on what the existing business need is, the process of brainstorming ideas of how the need can be addressed begins. Another very crucial part of this task on any project is to deal with the change of business needs right from the beginning of any business project. Building firm relationship with stakeholders is the final phase. Lack of good relationships amid the business stakeholders and the project team stakeholders, as well as the supporting technical members, can make the project fail. b. Obstacles and how to overcome Communication and Language: The prioritization and precise nature of needs usually differ with a projects stakeholders. Diverse interpretations are usually discovered very late in the development cycle, when alterations entail a lot of effort and cost. Creating a prototype all through requirements gathering can assist to settle any disparity in understanding. Overbooked

Managing Information Technology Essay Example for Free

Managing Information Technology Essay Question #1: What would be your prioritized list of IT investments? Four IT investments need to be prioritized; 1. 2. 3. 4. Ecommerce Web sales Aligning the various systems (legacy, SAP, ERP) together. Hire relationship managers Make IT a â€Å"partner† 1. After only 3 years, KL’s Web sales have reached $156M, equalizing its in store sales, and now represent 15% of total sales. This is very encouraging and exciting. KL needs to continue to invest in Ecommerce Web sales in order to continue this great growth. Selling via the Internet should be a priority because it’s cheaper than your ordinary brick and mortar sales points, there is less overhead expense, and this market is growing exponentially. The company should work towards gaining the most market share possible developing an industry leading website, timely and dependable delivery, and customer service. Accomplishing the above means getting all the company sharing information and data more efficiently (see point #2). 2. KL has a complex IT infrastructure with various systems in use around the world. The result is a frustrated bunch of employees upset with the fact that communication data sharing is awful. To remedy this the company needs to invest more in training to get the whole company, including the USA, to use SAP as soon as possible. 3. Assign/hire relationship managers to improve information sharing, facilitate plans, priorities, communications, and relationships, and in turn get the whole system to work together. 4. To avoid such problems in the future, KL needs to make IT a â€Å"partner† in the decision making process. In other words, the company needs to better involve IT in company strategy and tactical planning. With the IT team, the company needs to develop and define an Enterprise Operating Model and Architecture that include business strategy, current IT assessment, IT strategy and IT plans. Question #2: Would your colleagues on the executive committee agree with your selection and prioritization? The above priorities should be well received because they solve or improve many of the frustrating employees around the company. This answer will look at each division (upper management, sales marketing, order fulfillment and distribution, and ITS) and see why the four IT priorities should be well received by the executive committee. The KL upper management is on record stating that the company has IT challenges â€Å"†¦around coordinating the various, and at times conflicting, business priorities across the enterprise. We sure could use better IT tools for this as well as ready access to timely performance data.†, CEO Joseph Campbell. In addition, COO Jens McCreary stated that the company needs to improve global supply-chain management and leverage the expertise to outpace out competitors and cut our operating costs†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Considering these quotes it’s safe to assume that the CEO and COO should be accepting of these four IT priorities because will want to see IT provide better services in order to reach their goals. The products, manufacturing and distribution divisions of the company want to see SAP standardized and compatible across the company in order to better share information. Priorities #2 and 3 should please this division. Sales marketing hope to see inter-operating unit and communications and coordination issues to be resolved and they need real-time data. Priorities #1, 2 and 3 should encourage the sales and marketing team. The order fulfillment and distribution divisions need capabilities to forecast sales and manage our product and cash flows need to be more competitive. They want to be able to deliver in a J.I.T. basis (optimize effectiveness) and have data integration between the legacy systems, SAP, Oracle, etc. These issues should improve with priorities #2 and 3 and this making these priorities acceptable to this division. Finally, the information technology services (ITS) claim that not spending enough on IT (more spent on production and sales), and Web and ecommerce should be priority. Priorities 1 to 4 all favor the ITS team, and therefore should be well received.

Assyrian Warfare :: essays research papers fc

Assyrian Warfare During Mesopotamian times, wars were what divided ruling periods. There were many different peoples that dominated Ancient Mesopotamia and the Assyrians were one of them. The Assyrians prospered mainly because of their divine talent to defensively resist and offensively overwhelm their enemies. At no point of Assyrian rule was there ever a time without conflict of some sort. The Assyrians were known to have a powerful, ruthless army. The army was the largest Middle East or Mediterranean fighting force that had ever been seen. It is believed that God himself promised the Israelites that if they disobeyed Him he would allow them to be taken up and carried away to foreign lands. His promise is explained in Isaiah 5:26-29. It reads, â€Å"He will whistle to them from the end of the earth; Surely they shall come with speed, swiftly. No one weary or stumble among them No one will slumber or sleep Nor will the belt on their loins be loosed, Nor the strap of their sandals be broken; Whose arrows are sharp, And all their bows bent; Their horses’ hooves will seem like flint, And their wheels like whirlwind. Their roaring will be like a lion, They will roar like young lions; Yes, they will roar And lay hold of the prey; They will carry it away safely, And no one will deliver.† Israel’s rebellion angered God and it led to war with the invincible Assyrians. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was wiped out. â€Å"Why were the Assyrians at war so much?† is a likely question to arise when discussing these people. And in my eyes the answer is simple. For land and power. The map of the beginning of the Assyrian empire compared to the end of the Assyrian empire shows great difference. It is obvious that much expansion took place during this rule. Like the Chinese Han dynasty, there was an explosion of territory growth in the Assyrian time period. Not being able to control all the land and people was the Hans’ weakness and led to their downfall. The Assyrians had an interesting policy that eliminated this problem. They would deport defeated nations and led them to captive lands. This would destroy the individuals’ sense of nationalism and would cause them to be much more willing to submit to Assyrian rule. They figured that the less people would resist, the less problem they would have with their captives and it worked well for them. Assyrian Warfare :: essays research papers fc Assyrian Warfare During Mesopotamian times, wars were what divided ruling periods. There were many different peoples that dominated Ancient Mesopotamia and the Assyrians were one of them. The Assyrians prospered mainly because of their divine talent to defensively resist and offensively overwhelm their enemies. At no point of Assyrian rule was there ever a time without conflict of some sort. The Assyrians were known to have a powerful, ruthless army. The army was the largest Middle East or Mediterranean fighting force that had ever been seen. It is believed that God himself promised the Israelites that if they disobeyed Him he would allow them to be taken up and carried away to foreign lands. His promise is explained in Isaiah 5:26-29. It reads, â€Å"He will whistle to them from the end of the earth; Surely they shall come with speed, swiftly. No one weary or stumble among them No one will slumber or sleep Nor will the belt on their loins be loosed, Nor the strap of their sandals be broken; Whose arrows are sharp, And all their bows bent; Their horses’ hooves will seem like flint, And their wheels like whirlwind. Their roaring will be like a lion, They will roar like young lions; Yes, they will roar And lay hold of the prey; They will carry it away safely, And no one will deliver.† Israel’s rebellion angered God and it led to war with the invincible Assyrians. The Northern Kingdom of Israel was wiped out. â€Å"Why were the Assyrians at war so much?† is a likely question to arise when discussing these people. And in my eyes the answer is simple. For land and power. The map of the beginning of the Assyrian empire compared to the end of the Assyrian empire shows great difference. It is obvious that much expansion took place during this rule. Like the Chinese Han dynasty, there was an explosion of territory growth in the Assyrian time period. Not being able to control all the land and people was the Hans’ weakness and led to their downfall. The Assyrians had an interesting policy that eliminated this problem. They would deport defeated nations and led them to captive lands. This would destroy the individuals’ sense of nationalism and would cause them to be much more willing to submit to Assyrian rule. They figured that the less people would resist, the less problem they would have with their captives and it worked well for them.

Discrimination of black people and white people Essay

This story, Black Boy is a great book that describes how the author, Richard Wright, suffered in the South of the United States during the time when there was still a lot of discrimination throughout the country. Since the author explained many of his horrible experiences in the past, this book cannot be written in a thin book. This thick book is full of his great experiences that wanted to be read by many people in the world in order to let everybody know the disasters of racism. This racism affected Richard Write a lot and he had to adapt to the environment that he was in, although he didn’t know how he should act in front of white people in the beginning of the story. There are not many examples in the beginning of the story since Richard was a little boy, and he still didn’t know about racism. He did know that something was different between black and whites, but he wasn’t able to understand it since he was too young. He even talks to himself in Pg. 49 that â€Å"I had heard that colored people were killed and beaten, but so far it all had seemed remote. There was, of course, a vague uneasiness about it all, but I would be able to handle that when I came to it. It would be simple. If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first. † After this, he realized the harshness of racism around his society when Uncle Hoskins got shot by a white man when he was at the saloon. And the reason is just because a black man was earning a lot of money and the white man became jealous. Also after this scene, there is an another example in Pg. 172 where he met his classmate, Ned Greenley who had lost his brother since the whites shot him for a specific reason. Ned said, â€Å"Th-they said he was fooling with a white prostitute there in the hotel. † Richard was shocked since he could be in those kinds of situations at any time. Richards starts to think of really going to North soon as possible now. In Chapter nine, there is a scene that is really harsh where Richard sees it, but could do nothing. This scene is at the clothing store for black people where Richard worked. The black employees were treated like slaves in the store; the white owners would push, kick, or slap the blacks. Although Richard saw this scene many times, he never got used to it. Another big thing is the time when Richard sees a black woman getting raped by two white men. This is a part from the book that describes how evil this time of period was. On Pg. 179, it says, â€Å"White people passed and looked on without expression. A white policeman watched from the corner, twirling his night stick; but he made no move. I watched out of the corner of my eyes, but I never slackened the strokes of my chamois upon the brass. After a moment or two I heard shrill screams coming from the rear room of the store; later the woman stumbled out, bleeding, crying, holding her stomach, her clothing torn. When she reached the sidewalk, the policeman met her, grabbed her, accused her of being drunk, called a patrol wagon and carted her away. † When I read this scene, it really hurt my heart. I couldn’t believe that the police didn’t do anything at all and although the policeman knew that the black woman was raped, he accused her of being drunken. Richard could have thought of saving the woman, but if he did something to the whites, he could be killed. Therefore, Richard wasn’t able to do anything. All he could do was to feel sorry for the lady. This doesn’t mean that Richard didn’t worry about the woman, it was the way how he had to act in the South. After Richard realizes the social cycle between the whites and the blacks at his work place, he sacrifices his morals to save more money. He begins to bootleg liquor to sell to white prostitutes in the hotel that he worked at. After that, he involves in a ring for scamming tickets. Then, he quickly amasses enough money to move out to the North. Although Richard was working earnest, he quits it because it was very hard to collect money if he had worked earnestly. Since Richard Write had an experience that he does not want to experience anymore, he was able to write this book, which would tell all the readers that discrimination or racism is not a good thing to do. He explained how he had to act as a black man; if he didn’t act like a black man, he might have not gotten the chance of writing this book. Richard Write had explained how blacks should act as a black, and although many horrible things were occurring around him, he wasn’t able to change it since he was just a black man. I feel that Richard really wanted to resist against the white men but if he did, he knew that he was going to be dead. Although in the beginning of the story, he said that, â€Å"If anybody tried to kill me, then I would kill them first†, as a result he wasn’t able to disobey the whites because he was scared of death. Since he was able to adapt to the society that he was in, he was able to earn money and was able to go to the North to have a better life.

KM Tutorial Ans

208KM Tutorial 5 Ans Question 1 Ans Show why R&D management is dependent on industrial context. Answer: This question explores the extent to which students understand the importance of industrial context. R&D operations in the industrial chemical industry will be completely different from those in the food industry. For example, R&D managers in industrial chemicals companies may not have to deal with brand managers, whereas in the food industry brand managers will be very influential. Similarly, consumer research scientists will have a significant influence on decision making in consumer markets but not in industrial markets.Question 2 Discuss the range of operational R&D activities. Answer: Figure 8. 1 illustrates the R&D operations commonly found in almost every major research and development department. They may have different labels, but within Siemens, Nokia, BMW and Shell such operations are well documented. In smaller organisations the activities are less diverse and may inclu de only a few of these operations. This section explains what activities one would expect to find within each type of R&D operation. To help put these activities in context, Figure 9. shows how they relate to the product life-cycle framework. They are: Basic Research Applied Research Product Development Technical Service Question 3 What was the traditional view of R&D? Answer: After the Second World War, research and development played an important role in providing firms with competitive advantage. Technical developments in industries such as chemicals, electronics, automotive and pharmaceuticals led to the development of many new products, which produced rapid growth. For a while it seemed that technology was capable of almost anything.The traditional view of R&D has therefore been overcoming genuine technological roblems, which subsequently leads to business opportunities and a competitive advantage over one's competitors. Question 4 Not all firms invest in R;D. What should be th e level of expenditure on R;D for a firm? Answer: One of the most useful guides is to look at industry average expenditure. This will provide a guide to what a firm in a particular industry probably an annual budgetary basis. It requires a longer-term approach enabling knowledge to be acquired and built up over time.This often leads to tensions with other functions that are planning projects and activities. It is unusual for unlimited funds o be available, and hence business functions usually compete with other departments for funds. A great deal depends on the culture of the organisation and the industry within which it is operating (see Chapters 3 and 6). Pilkington, for example, spends proportionally large sums on R;D -many say too much – especially when one considers its more recent performance (Financial Times, 1998). Other companies spend very little on R;D but huge amounts on sales and marketing.This is the case for the financial services industry. So, one of the most difficult decisions facing senior management is how much to spend on R;D. Many companies now report R;D expenditure in their annual reports. It is now relatively easy to establish, for example, that Rubbermaid spent 14 per cent of sales on R;D in 1994; however, exactly how the company arrived at this figure is less clear. Question 5 What are the main strategic activities of R;D? Answer: The management of research and development needs to be fully integrated with the strategic management process of the business.This will enhance and support the products that marketing and sales offer and provide the company with a technical body of knowledge that can be used for future development. Too many usinesses fail to integrate the management of research and technology fully into the overall business strategy process (Adler et al. (1992)). A report by the European Industrial Management Association (EIRMA, 1985) recognises R;D as having three distinct areas, each requiring investment: R;D for e xisting businesses, R;D for new businesses and R;D for exploratory research (see Figure 8. ). These three strategic areas can be broken down into operational activities: 00 defend, support and expand existing businesses; drive new businesses; and broaden and deepen technological capability. Discuss some of the strategic pressures on R;D. Answer: In virtually all R;D functions there is a trade-off between concentrating resources in the pursuit of a strategic knowledge competence and spreading resources over a wider area to allow for the building of a more general knowledge base. Figure 8. 5 shows the demands on technical resources.The growth of scientific and technological areas of interest to the firm pressurises research management to fund a wider number of areas, represented by the upward curve. The need for strategic positioning forces the decision to focus resources and build strategic knowledge competencies, represented by the downward curve. Question 7 What is meant by technol ogy leverage? Answer: While it is tempting to say that technology influences the competitive performance of all businesses, in reality some businesses are more heavily influenced than others.In many mature and established industries, the cost of raw materials is much more of an influence on the competitive performance of the business than are technology developments. For example,the price paid for commodities like coffee, cocoa and sugar can dramatically influence profits in many food industries. Even if the business was to substantially increase the level of R;D nvestment, its competitive position would still be determined by raw material prices.Several attempts have been made by industry to quantify this factor when considering the level of R;D investment required. Scholefield (1993) developed a model using the concept of technology leverage. This is the extent of influence that a business's technology and technology base have on its competitive position. In general, technology le verage will be low when the influence of raw material and distribution costs and economic growth is high. High-volume, bulk commodity products would fall within this scenario.

Free Essays on Weblogs And Emergent Democracy

Introduction Ten years ago, if someone told you that in 10 years there would be just shy of a billion Internet users, more than 100 billion Web pages, and trillions of dollars of commerce based on a globally connected network, you might have thought the person insane. It was difficult to imagine then, as it is difficult to imagine now. Internet is developing at an escape speed, millions of thousands of virtual communities such as online games, weblogs, social networks, mailing lists, Instant messaging, regular IRC channels, etc, established .Among them, weblog boosts in recent years. Replacing the high-cost, venture-funded Web site with one that is intensely personal and built around the connectivity between people and ideas, weblogs play more and more important role in today’s society. It's no accident that weblogs are increasingly turning up as the top hits on search engines, since they trade in the same currency as the best search engineshuman intelligence, as reflected in who's already paying attention to what. As Joi said developers and proponents of the Internet have hoped to evolve the network as a platform for intelligent solutions which can help correct the imbalances and inequalities of the world. however, the Internet of today is a noisy environment with a great deal of power consolidation instead of the level, balanced democratic Internet. In 1993 Howard Rheingold wrote[2], We temporarily have access to a tool that could bring conviviality and understanding into our lives and might help revitalize the public sphere. The same tool, improperly controlled and wielded, could become an instrument of tyranny. The vision of a citizen-designed, citizen-controlled worldwide communications network is a version of technological utopianism that could be called the vision of "the electronic agora." In the original democracy, Athens, the agora was the marketplace, and moreit was where citizens met to talk, gossi... Free Essays on Weblogs And Emergent Democracy Free Essays on Weblogs And Emergent Democracy Introduction Ten years ago, if someone told you that in 10 years there would be just shy of a billion Internet users, more than 100 billion Web pages, and trillions of dollars of commerce based on a globally connected network, you might have thought the person insane. It was difficult to imagine then, as it is difficult to imagine now. Internet is developing at an escape speed, millions of thousands of virtual communities such as online games, weblogs, social networks, mailing lists, Instant messaging, regular IRC channels, etc, established .Among them, weblog boosts in recent years. Replacing the high-cost, venture-funded Web site with one that is intensely personal and built around the connectivity between people and ideas, weblogs play more and more important role in today’s society. It's no accident that weblogs are increasingly turning up as the top hits on search engines, since they trade in the same currency as the best search engineshuman intelligence, as reflected in who's already paying attention to what. As Joi said developers and proponents of the Internet have hoped to evolve the network as a platform for intelligent solutions which can help correct the imbalances and inequalities of the world. however, the Internet of today is a noisy environment with a great deal of power consolidation instead of the level, balanced democratic Internet. In 1993 Howard Rheingold wrote[2], We temporarily have access to a tool that could bring conviviality and understanding into our lives and might help revitalize the public sphere. The same tool, improperly controlled and wielded, could become an instrument of tyranny. The vision of a citizen-designed, citizen-controlled worldwide communications network is a version of technological utopianism that could be called the vision of "the electronic agora." In the original democracy, Athens, the agora was the marketplace, and moreit was where citizens met to talk, gossi...

Analysis of Marks Spencers International Strategy The WritePass Journal

Analysis of Marks Spencers International Strategy Introduction Analysis of Marks Spencers International Strategy IntroductionBackground to the Marks SpencerPast issues related to MSCurrent business climateReviewing its current international strategyRecommendations BibliographyRelated Introduction This report looks at the current international strategy adopted by MS, what are the past issues of the company, what steps it took during the time of downfall and how did it overcome its mistakes to bounce back in the global market with its new marketing strategy. The report is a mix of the academic research and the case study materials provided from which the final conclusion can be drawn as to the organization should proceed to internationalization or not during current market situations. Background to the Marks Spencer MS as a business organization came into existence in 1884 when it was just a penny bazaar. Today after 125 glorious years of growth and expansion, the company is the biggest retailer in the UK. Its product ranges from clothing, food products and household accessories etc. It entered the international market by franchising in countries such as Canada, USA, France, Belgium, and Ireland etc. By the end of 19th century, the international market was on the verge of collapse due to improper management by the senior management of the company. Thus the company decided to withdraw its presence from the international market and instead concentrate only on the home market. (MS company history 2011) Past issues related to MS MS first entered the global market by targeting Hong Kong and South Africa by exporting its products to these countries under the brand name of St. Michaels. Eventually it terminated its contract with Do dwells, which in turn proved to be a disaster for the company as problems related to the local retailers and franchise did not allow the company to build a strong base in the Asian market. (Bevan 2001). MS targeted the Canadian market through family tie-ups and was successful in operating 275 stores across the country. By the end of the 80’s it entered the US market through purchasing a retail market chain named King’s supermarket and Brooks brothers. But eventually the North American market did not accept MS as a competitive brand due to lack of clear branding and positioning of its products. It was unable to satisfy the customer’s demand; also a large number of competitors did not give MS a chance to sustain itself in the market. (Sparks 2005). MS did not offshore its productions to a different country due to quality concerns. This lead to increase in the cost of production which in-turn lead to charging higher price from the customers. On the other hand, the customers did not find the product that appealing so as to pay a premium price for its products. Similarly MS entered the European market without any strategy to be adopted and mainly on the belief that its current business techniques would hold good in catering these market as well. It started expanding its operations in a haphazard situation without a rational strategic approach to it.   (Mellahi et al. 2002) Current business climate By 2001 the company withdrew all its overseas operations and started concentrating in the domestic market. It is a good decision that they took, as there were many flaws that would have taken a lot of time to rectify along with huge losses to bear. The global market has currently undergone a recession stage where MS was deeply affected by decreases in profit margins by 11% from the year 2005 to 2007. Only during the year 2009 it had performed a profitable business with 17% and 5% increase in profits and market share respectively. Its time when the company is recovering and finding new opportunities to enter the international market with a planned and structured system to target the global consumer retail market. The company has carefully analyzed its past mistakes and then has structured its plans for the future.   The next three years is to concentrate mainly in restoring its stability in the market by improving the marketing of their products into various segments and classifications. At the same time it will set foundation for the future expansion through mediums such as space grows, improving multi-channel retailing and to built its capability further to become an international company. (Cameron et al. 1988) Reviewing its current international strategy On the basis of the past issues within MS and the steps taken to cater the current business climate, we have seen the changes related to the target market, mode of entry in the new market, benefits to enter new market, rectification of past mistakes and setting clear objectives for internationalization etc. MS has decided to stabilize itself from the recession and build up its market share in the UK for the next three years; simultaneously working on rational international decisions. These measures show that the company is clear about its vision and mission related to its future. The following points discussed below prove to satisfy me to go forward with the current international strategy, as they have understood the demand in the international market and should implement its strategy accordingly. The current major steps taken by the company are: To enter large markets such as India, China and Europe etc where there is already a demand for this brand. Concentration in one particular market and finishing it first and then moving to another area proves better positioning and marketing for the product. MS can change its marketing style from product driven to market driven. This helps the company to understand the regional demand of their products and to cater it accordingly. (J MS results and multi year strategy 2010) Franchising is a great option rather than opening their own store. Choosing the appropriate franchisee will improve market capturing and sales in that particular country. E.g. to cater the Indian market MS has tied up with Reliance group. On the other hand, the franchising schemes cannot be same in all the countries due to political, economic and social factors. This could create operational problem for the company in the long run. (Quinn and Doherty 2000) Concentration on brand positioning and brand awareness is been done so that the market is aware of the different products and brands the company is offering. Thus there will be no confusing in the mind of the customers related to brands. There can be a possible threat of not accepting a product by different markets or there can be a very low demand for the same. Also MS overseas do not keep food items and accessories unlike UK. Thus it creates huge difference in the brand positioning between two or more countries. (Eyring et al. 2011) The company never grasped the advantage of patented USP such as storm ware clothing range in order to distinguish itself from other company. Today they are looking forward for such restructured range. E.g. fusing storm ware technology into jeans, t-shirts etc. (J MS results and multi year strategy 2010) Flagship stores are to be placed in each region along with supporting stores such as smaller outlets and Internet channels so that the customer can feel a heavy presence of this brand in the market. Amazon platform is currently reliable for the company. (J MS results and multi year strategy 2010) It is practically not possible for the company to perform as planned in its international strategy. There would be uncontrollable factors, which may lead to variations from its objective. The degree of variation can also determine the success and failure of the company. Adequate financial back up is needed for research and development in each particular market. Thus the risk is also high which the company is taking, if not successful in sustaining in the new market there would be huge loss for the company. Recommendations The company should offshore its manufacturing units to different geographic regions so they can cater different markets well. This will change the British brand image to global brand image. Example: Apple Inc is an American company, which contains the software made in Hyderabad, India and the product manufacturing is done in Taiwan. Thus it contains a global brand image. Adopt decentralization system in the organization so that delegation of work can be encouraged, thus involving the regional departments to participate in the major decisions to be taken. Example: Toyota involves every subordinate to participate in the decisions to be taken so that they can receive more opinions before taking any decisions. MS in an umbrella company which involves different products such as food, GM clothing and accessories etc, it has to carefully balance the brand image of all these products simultaneously. It will be a challenge to the company to maintain all the demand in all the countries. Therefore the company should segment and position its products to the lowest possible level before entering that particular market i.e. appropriate portfolio management. (Eyring et al. 2011) MS is always special by taking a step forward at maintaining a high quality that reflects its brand image, thus the company can strongly capitalize on this image for future growth. (Bolland presentation 2010) For every market there should be a particular marketing style in order to attract more customers. The marketing can be through different medium such as Internet, radio, television, banners hording etc.   The marketing should be done keeping in mind the culture, traditions and lifestyle of different regions. The company should adopt the characteristics of a multinational company where the revenue generated should be retained in that department instead of transferring it to the home country. The benefit is that the company does not have to manage the foreign exchange from around the world plus these funds can be capitalize for further growth and expansion within that region. Bibliography Marks and Spencer plc. 2011. Company history. Available at: http://corporate.marksandspencer.com/aboutus/ourhistory   [Accessed: 21st Mar 2011]. Bevan, J. 2001. The Rise and Fall of Marks and Spencer. Profile Books, London. Paul Jackson, Leigh Sparks, (2005) Retail internationalization: Marks and Spencer in Hong Kong, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 33 Issue: 10, pp.766 – 783 Mellahi, K, Cameron. et al. 2002. International Review Of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research. 12(2), pp 191-219. Eyring, M.J. et al. 2011. New Business Models in Emerging Markets. Harvard Business Review. Vol. 89. 2011. Quinn and Doherty. (2000). Burt et al.: Retail internalization and retail failure.(3), 207. _J MS results and multi year strategy_(video recording) 2010,London,UK. BOLLAND, M and STEWART, A. (2010, November 5th). MS Corporate Strategy.   [PowerPoint slides]. Presented at a conference in London, UK. WORD COUNT: 1602